The present paper deals with small collection of leafhoppers comprising a total of 12 species belonging to 11 genera under 10 tribes under 4 subfamilies of the family Cicadellidae.

The effect of different photoperiods on food consumption, utilization and approximate digestibility of Eri silkworm (P.ricini) was carried in P. G. Madhav Vigyan Mahavidhyalay, Ujjain (M.P.). The Eri silkworms reared under the exposure of different experimental photoperiods G1 (12L:12D), G2 (LL), G3 (10L:14D), G4 (08L;16D), G5 (05L:19D) and G6 (DD), at temperature (25±2ºC) and relative humidity (75±5%) The food consumption, utilization and approximate digestibility by the Eri silkworm larvae were found maximum in G5 and the minimum rate was found in G2 photoperiod.

Pliovitellaria osteobramensis Gupta and Sinha (1984) a cestode of the family Caryophyllaeidae has been transferred to the genus Paracaryophyllaeus Kulakovaskaja (1961) by Hafeezullah (1993) which is not justified. The authors have reasons to resurrect the status of Pliovitellaria osteobramensis. They also have reasons not to place the said species in the genus Lobulovarium Oros et al. (2012).

Bioefficacy of methanol and ethyl acetate leaves extract of Achyranthes aspera were studied against Dysdercus cingulatus. The plant leaves were dried, powdered and extracted in soxhlet apparatus in methanol and ethyl acetate solvent for 24 hrs. The adult red cotton bug, D.cingulatus were exposed to methanol and ethyl acetate plant extract of Achyranthes aspera and percent mortality were recorded after 96 hrs. The insecticidal activity of leaves extract of Achyranthes aspera LD = 2.300 μg/gm, LD = 8.395 μg/gm, LD = 13.71 μg/gm, LD =15.63 μg/mg in methanol 10 50 90 99 and LD =1.279 μg/gm, LD = 5.009 μg/gm, LD =13.38 μg/gm, LD =15.05 μg/gm in ethyl acetate respectively. Results 10 50 90 99 revealed that the mortality increase with increase in concentration of the plant extract. The ethyl acetate solvent extract showed more insecticidal property against Dysdercus cingulatus. Regression equations, statical variance, standard error and 95% confidence limits are presented.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of zoonotic parasites in dogs of Katabon Pet Market 30 dogs were examined. Among them 26 dogs (86.67%) were infected with different zoonotic parasites. The effects of season, age and sex of the hosts were also observed.10 species of parasites were found and which had high prevalence were : Capillaria spp. (86.67%), Trichuris vulpis (83.33%), Toxocara canis (76.67%), Ascaris lumbricoides (76.67%) and Toxascaris leonine (50%). Female (100%) had high infection rate than male (78.95%). In female dog, Trichuris vulpis (100%), Ascaris lumbricoides and Capillaria spp. (90.90%) had high prevalence. Puppies had 100% prevalence followed by young (83.33%) and adult dogs (81.82%). Ascaris lumbricoides had highest prevalence (100%) in puppies. Dogs had highest parasitic prevalence in monsoon (90.1%) followed by in summer (85.71%) and winter (83.33%). In monsoon, Toxascaris leonine and Toxocara canis had highest prevalence 85.71%. Among two breeds, German shepherd had higher prevalence (91.67%) than German spitz (83.33%). In German shepherd, female had higher prevalence (100%) than male (77.78%). In German spitz, female had higher prevalence (100%) than male (80%). From the above result, it could be stated that dogs act as zoonotic agent which is a threat for human health. So proper control measure should be taken to avoid this threat.

All the exposed fish appeared lethargic after exposure to cadmium chloride. The major clinical symptoms such as inappetance and ataxia appeared after 24-48 hours of exposure. At higher concentration of the cadmium chloride, the exposed fish showed erratic movements. The other signs of toxicity such as loss of equilibrium, gradual onset of inactivity, periodic erratic swimming with irregular collision to the inner lining of glass walls of the aquarium. Feeding of the exposed fish significantly reduced in the first week of exposure and slowly the exposed fishes took normal feed. The exposed fish shed fins after 21st days of exposure onwards and huge destruction of dermal mucous layer was marked. At higher exposure periods, profuse bleeding was marked in the gills. Infection of eyes was marked in the exposed fish when compared to control fish. Heavy oxygenation can help to around 65% exposed fishes to survive but the rest of the excited fish die instantly and never recover from the shock. The MAC value of cadmium chloride was found to be 1.325 mg l-1 for 30th days and to be on the safe side 1.30 mg l-1 was considered for 28th days of the exposure for sub-lethal toxicological studies. No mortality of fish was recorded in the control set through out the period of toxicity testing. Body weight of the control fish increased during exposure and recovery periods. Whereas the body weight of the exposed fish gradually decreased during the exposure period and no recovery in body weight was noted during recovery period. Autopsy studies revealed that the liver and brain of exposed fish were congested and tender. The brain somatic index decreased gradually, with the increase in exposure period. No recovery in BSI was observed in 28d exposed fishes. The Hepato Somatic Index (HSI) remained almost at the same level in the control fish throughout the experimental period. The HSI gradually and significantly decreased with the increase in exposure period. When the exposed fish were transferred to toxicant free tap water, no significant recovery in their activity was observed. Exposed fish could not regain their pre-exposed activity after transferring the exposed fish to cadmium free water in recovery studies.

Significant amount of residual mercury was recorded in SWE exposed fish tissues when compared to control fish tissues. The residual mercury enrichment in different tissues of the SWE exposed fish followed a positive correlation with the increase in exposure period. Maximum residual mercury was recorded in exposed fish gill filaments. Exposed fish brain accumulated slowly when compared to other fish tissues but higher accumulation during recovery period might be due to transportation from other tissues. Significant depletion in respiration rate in exposed fish brain, liver, muscle and gill tissues when compared to control fish tissues was due to residual mercury accumulation in different tissues and its impact on respiratory metabolism. The residual mercury accumulation in fish tissues increased the body burden and impacted severely the respiratory metabolism which was reflected in depletion of whole body oxygen uptake and residual mercury accumulation in brain affected the nervous system leading to erratic swimming, nervous disorders and paralytic movements.

This study was planned to study the impact of effluent discharged from one International Paper Industry, located at the outskirt of Rajmundry (A.P.) on the bank of river Godavari on the toxicity and behaviour of a fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters (Tilapia) under laboratory controlled conditions. Fishes were exposed to graded series of concentrations of the effluent for acute toxicity studies. The MAC value deduced was 3.45% of effluent in 50 liters of water for 30th days. A safety concentration of 3.4% of effluent l-50 was selected for this study. Significant amount of mercury and cadmium was available in the effluent of the paper mill. Exposed fishes appeared lethargic after 7th days of exposure, when compared to the control fish. Significant decrease in body weight was marked in the effluent exposed fish when compared to control fish. The body weight of the effluent exposed significantly declined with the increase in exposure period. No recovery in body weight was noticed when the exposed fishes were transferred to toxicant free medium. The BSI and LSI was significantly affected in the effluent exposed fish when compared to control fish. The impact was not severe in case of BSI at initial period of exposure. However, with the increase in exposure period the BSI was significantly damaged. The liver was affected from the very beginning of the exposure. Maximum depletion in LSI was noted on 28d of exposure. No recovery was marked in case of LSI during recovery studies.

An investigation was carried out to study the efficacy of different bio-agents (Trichoderma viride and neem cake) and chemical nematicide triazophos, on mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) susceptible cultivar PDM1 infected with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race 3. Results revealed that seed treatment of mungbean seed with Trichoderma viride concentration @ 6 g/kg and @ 3 g/kg significantly increased the root length, shoot length, number of pods, number of Rhizobium leguminosarum nodules, fresh and dry weight of shoot and yield per plant of mungbean, followed by treatment of mungbean seed with neem seed powder at concentration @ 5% w/w and @ 3% w/w further followed by seed treatment with triazophos 40 EC at concentration @ 2% w/w and 1% w/w as compared to untreated control. Among the different bio-agents and chemical nematicide, seed treatment of mungbean seed cultivar PDM1, with Trichoderma viride at concentration @ 6 g/kg and @ 3 g/kg exhibited the best result in reducing the fresh and dry weight of root, number of galls per root system, egg masses per root system and initial and final total nematode population followed by neem seed powder in concentration @ 5% w/w and @ 3% w/w. Application of triazophos 40 EC @ 2% w/w and 1% w/w as seed treatment chemical nematicide was least effective. However all the 6 treatments were effective in controlling the menace of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race 3.

Airspora includes much more things like fungal spores, bacteria, insect's parts, scales, pollens, hyphal fragments, mycelium etc. Many of them are problematic for human being and cause many diseases and also create environmental pollution when more in concentration. Out of these components fungal components are considered for study about their effect on vegetables and health of workers and other people in vegetable market. Rotorod sampler was used for study of biocomponents from vegetable market. Investigation was carried during July, 2016-December, 2017. Total 50 spore types were recorded from vegetable market during the investigation from which Aspergillus (15.98%) was the most frequent and predominant, Alternaria (9.13%), Cladosporium (9.03%), Rhizopus (8.27%), and Nigrospora (8.06%), spores were also inabundance. The main of this investigation was to find out concentration of air borne fungal spores and their relation with damage of vegetables from vegetable market of Hingoli region of Marathwada (M.S.).

In Hingoli district number of water bodies are present including 21 lakes and 3 rivers. Aquaculture practice from Hingoli district provides a gainful employment to the 23 registered fishing societies including 1000 fishermen. In the present study attempt has been made to make a checklist of fishes from Hingoli District. Study confirms thirty seven fish species belonging to nineteen genera, eight families and eight orders were observed. Order Cypriniformes was dominant with 24 species followed by Order Siluriformes with 5 species, Order Channiformes with 4 species, Order Clupeiformes with 2 species, Order Mastacembeliformes & Perciformis by single species.

Physico-chemical parameters of Kankaleswar Waterbody dist Beed (M.S.) have been investigated during July-December,2014. Present paper deals with the physico-chemical aspects of Kankaleswar Water body. The parameters studied included Temperature, Dissolved oxygen, BOD, pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Chlorides, Total hardness and Total solids was determined. Physic-chemical parameter indicates that water is polluted due to sewage from surrounding areas. However, regularly monitoring water quality is crucial part of identifying any existing problems or any issues that could be emerge in future. Therefore, is needed to employ appropriate intervention measures that will prevent further deterioration of water quality.

Nutritive contents determine the fodder value of plant as a whole or its parts for livestock. In the present study, crude proteins, crude fat (ether extract), carbohydrate and mineral elements - calcium, phosphorus, magnesium were estimated from different parts of Balanites aegyptiaca (Linn.) Delile. It is commonly found in scrub forests, wastelands, along the road and in fields of Rajasthan desert. Analysis revealed that all the plant parts contained high amount of crude proteins which ranged from 4.59%-17.05% with maximum in leaves and minimum in seed. Ether extract (Crude fat) was estimated to be highest in seed (6.65%) and lowest in fruit pulp (3.1%). Total organic matter was ranged from 82.4%-88.28% with maximum in seed and minimum in leaves. Total carbohydrates was found to be maximum in fruit pulp (75.82%) and minimum in leaves (61.53%). The concentration of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium ranged between 0.4%-3.0% (Calcium), 1.03%-1.64% (Phosphorus) and 0.21%-0.52% (Magnesium). Highest amount of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was reported from leaves, fruit pulp and leaves, respectively. High nutritive and mineral contents of desert plants make them better fodder.

The paper deals with the metal contents in water, sediment, macrophytes, plankton (including both Phytoplankton and zooplankton), macroinvertebrates and fish (herbivorous and carnivorous) of Gandhisagar reservoir, Mandsour district, Madhya Pradesh. The samples were acid digested and subjected to AAS analysis for Hg, Pb and Cd. The results showed that the selected heavy metals in water, sediment, macrophytes, plankton, macroinvertibrates (benthos) and fish are distinguishable with sediment and biota samples are more susceptible to metal accumulation. It is assumed that the Pb and Cd concentration values in water, sediments, macrophytes, plankton, macroinvertibrates and fish were very low or below the safe concentration ranges for natural waters suggested by FAO. The Hg levels detected reveals that out of the three metals considered in the present study, Hg accumulation is higher in all the food fishes studied followed by Pb and Cd.

Seeds of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels of family Myrtaceae are reported in Ayurveda - Unani and Siddha medicinal system to have great medicinal value. All parts of the Jamun used to cure various health diseases like digestive disorders, liver problems, diabetes, dental problems and also skin ailments. The present communication provides a detailed account of the pharmacognostic evaluation carried out on Jamun seeds. The study includes macro and microscopic characters, preliminary phytochemical analysis, fluorescence study, physicochemical parameters and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting aspects. Established parameters can be used as standards for quality control and identification of the plants in compound formulations and also preparations of a monograph of the plant.