Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes and are known to exist in extreme conditions including hot springs. They form coloured mats in these springs depending upon the pH and temperature. Taptapani is one of the lesser known hot springs of Odisha. It is a shallow hot spring with the bubbling water contained in an artificially constructed pond. The spring bed remains completely covered with a thick layer of green coloured cyanobacterial mat. Morphometric identification and relative abundance studies reveal a predominance of Osillatoriales followed by Nostocales and Chroococcales. Pure cultures of Phormidium sp., Anabaena sp., Lyngbya sp. and Leptolyngbya sp. were established. No major changes were observed in the carotenoid:chlorophyll-a ratio of the cyanobacterial mat collected in summer and monsoon seasons, which demonstrates the mesophilic nature of the cyanobacterial species.