Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. of family Apocynaceae is widely used medicinal plant in folklore medicinal system from the Vedic period. It is commonly known as Arka in Ayurvedic medicinal system, where as Madar in Unani medicinal system. All parts of the plant are used to treat various human ailments like ringworm, teethache, cough, whooping cough, dysentery, headache, jaundice and also for preparation of ayurvedic compound formulations like Shoolhar tail and Arkelavana. The present communication provides a detailed account of the pharmacognostic evaluation carried out on Calotropis procera plant stem. The study includes macro and microscopic analysis, physicochemical parameters and High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting aspects. Established parameters can be used as standards for quality control and identification of the plants in compound formulations and also for preparation of a monograph of the plant.